After the challenge (hrs)

Patients n = 23

Before the challenge

1

12

24

36

48

56

72

IL-1β (pg/mL)

DYAR

4.1 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 0.7

6.8 ± 1.5^*

7.0 ± 0.6^*

6.9 ± 0.5⁺

5.0 ± 0.2

5.1 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 0.7

PBS

2.9 ± 0.8

4.1 ± 0.8

4.2 ± 0.3

3.9 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.2

IL-2 (pg/mL)

DYAR

6.9 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.1

9.6 ± 1.0^*

11.3 ± 0.4^*

11.8 ± 1.7^*

10.4 ± 0.6^*

8.9 ± 0.2^*

<3.0

PBS

4.8 ± 0.8

5.0 ± 0.9

7.1 ± 0.4

6.0 ± 0.3

4.8 ± 0.6

5.3 ± 0.2

4.9 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.4

IL-3 (pg/mL)

DYAR

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

32.1 ± 0.4

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

PBS

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

<31.2

IL-4 (pg/mL)

DYAR

3.7 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 0.7

4.1 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 0.3

<0.6^*

<0.6^*

<0.6^*

3.3 ± 0.2

PBS

2.9 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 1.0

3.6 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 1.0

IL-5 (pg/mL)

DYAR

6.9 ± 1.0

6.7 ± 0.8

6.5 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 0.4⁺

5.1 ± 0.7⁺

6.3 ± 1.1

7.0 ± 1.0

6.4 ± 0.9

PBS

6.5 ± 0.3

7.5 ± 1.4

7.0 ± 0.7

7.0 ± 1.1

7.2 ± 0.6

7.1 ± 0.4

6.3 ± 0.5

6.6 ± 1.0

IL-6 (pg/mL)

DYAR

5.0 ± 0.8

5.8 ± 0.6

8.1 ± 1.1^*

4.6 ± 0.4

<4.0^*

<4.0^*

4.5 ± 0.4

5.0 ± 0.5

PBS

5.1 ± 0.5

5.1 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 0.6

5.9 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 0.3

4.7 ± 0.5

4.5 ± 0.4

IL-7 (pg/mL)

DYAR

4.8 ± 0.5

5.7 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.8

6.5 ± 0.4

5.9 ± 1.0

6.6 ± 0.7

6.3 ± 0.4

5.8 ± 0.3

PBS

4.4 ± 0.4

4.9 ± 0.7

5.5 ± 0.9

4.8 ± 0.9

6.0 ± 1.0

6.3 ± 0.8

4.6 ± 0.5

5.3 ± 0.6

IL-8 (pg/mL)

DYAR

11.2 ± 2.1

13.6 ± 1.8

15.5 ± 1.0⁺

16.9 ± 1.6^*

17.0 ± 1.4^*

15.8 ± 1.0^*

14.9 ± 1.1⁺

12.8 ± 1.1

PBS

10.5 ± 0.4

11.5 ± 0.6

12.4 ± 0.5

12.6 ± 1.0

13.0 ± 1.0

12.5 ± 0.7

11.5 ± 2.0

10.2 ± 1.0

IL-10 (pg/mL)

DYAR

10.9 ± 2.2

10.3 ± 0.5

11.5 ± 0.8

11.2 ± 0.3

11.4 ± 1.3

11.7 ± 0.5

11.0 ± 1.0

10.3 ± 0.4

PBS

9.5 ± 0.6

10.0 ± 0.3

9.8 ± 0.6

10.9 ± 1.1

11.0 ± 0.7

10.8 ± 0.6

9.7 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0.7

IL-12p40 (pg/mL)

DYAR

11.7 ± 0.6

12.3 ± 1.1

12.6 ± 2.0

12.6 ± 0.9

11.5 ± 1.2

11.9 ± 0.7

11.6 ± 1.0

12.2 ± 0. 6

PBS

11.0 ± 1.4

12.0 ± 2.0

12.2 ± 1.0

11.7 ± 0.7

12.1 ± 2.0

11.5 ± 0.5

11.9 ± 0.8

11.4 ± 1.1

IL-12p70 (pg/mL)

DYAR

15.3 ± 1.6

15.7 ± 1.1

19.4 ± 2.1^*

23.5 ± 2.5^*

24.4 ± 2.6^*

20.1 ± 3.0^*

22.3 ± 1.8^*

16.0 ± 1.0

PBS

15.6 ± 1.4

15.0 ± 1.0

16.3 ± 1.2

16.0 ± 0.6

17.6 ± 1.4

17.1 ± 0.8

16.5 ± 1.0

17.0 ± 1.4